{"id":12,"date":"2025-09-23T15:52:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T15:52:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.bsu.edu\/botprevention\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2025-09-29T18:51:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T18:51:16","slug":"how-to-prevent-attacks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.bsu.edu\/botprevention\/how-to-prevent-attacks\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Prevent Attacks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">There is no perfect way to prevent <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">bot\/scammer attac<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">k<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">so it is best to use multiple <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">strategies. In addition, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">prevention methods are <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">quickly <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">changing <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">a<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">long with technological advances<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\"> and more sophisticated scamming techniques<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">. Our IRB <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">best <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">described it as a \u201ccat-and-mouse\u201d game between researchers and scammers. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196271387 BCX0\">Below you will see a list of common prevention methods, along with references (l<span data-contrast=\"auto\">isted in &#8220;Further Readings&#8221;) <\/span>to helpful information about implementation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bot Check Items<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These items require participants to engage in tasks that bots are not able to do, such as perspective taking (e.g., what would the person in the picture see), completing tasks (e.g., basic math), or image processing and reasoning (e.g., \u201cyou see this picture, what would happen if\u2026\u201d).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ask for the Same Information in Multiple Ways<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This method can be used to check answer consistency. For instance, someone\u2019s zip code should match their reported general geographic area. Inconsistent responses may indicate fraudulent data.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CAPTCHA<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) are simple tools used to detect bots and are often available on survey creation platforms. Although CAPTCHAs can be helpful, many scammers have found methods around these tools.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Instructions for enabling CAPTCHAs on Qualtrics surveys can be found <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/support\/survey-platform\/survey-module\/survey-checker\/fraud-detection\/#BotDetection\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Honeypot questions<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A honeypot question is a hidden question that is (typically) not visible to a real participant, but may be completed by a bot.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Honeypot questions can be implemented in different ways depending on the survey creation platform. Some methods for creating honeypot questions on Qualtrics can be found <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/community.qualtrics.com\/custom-code-12\/honeypot-questions-and-other-anti-bot-measures-28884\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Present Text as a Picture<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Including a questions\u2019 text as an image may prevent bots from properly answering that question. Screen readers cannot read the image content, making it harder for bots to complete survey questions.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Open-Ended Questions<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Open-ended questions are an effective way to assess response quality. Responses that do not make sense, or that show\u00a0evidence of generative AI (e.g., overly polished) may be evidence of fraudulent responses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Set Survey Participant Caps<sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To avoid our nightmare of having to look through over 3000 responses, limit how many people can complete your survey. Going through 200 responses is MUCH easier than 3000 responses. Most survey creation platforms allow you to set a limit on the number of participant responses. Similarly, most survey programs allow you to prevent participants from completing the survey twice. There are ways around this (and it didn\u2019t prevent fraudulent data in our situation), but it is an easy way to add protection against\u00a0ballot stuffing by less experienced scammers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Instructions for how to prevent multiple submissions on Qualtrics can be found <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/support\/survey-platform\/survey-module\/survey-options\/survey-protection\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>If you are Compensating Participants, Consider the Best Incentive Structure<sup>8<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Financially compensating participants substantially increases your risk of a bot attack. Research compensating all participants may be at greater risk than research raffling gift cards. You definitely want to consider multiple strategies to prevent bots if you are compensating participants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Collecting IP Addresses<sup>9<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you are not collecting sensitive information, your IRB may allow you to collect IP addresses. IP addresses are a form of personally identifiable information (similar to a physical addresses) which should typically be unique for each participant. If you receive several responses from the same IP address, you should closely examine their data for potential fraud. You can also use geoip look-ups to determine general IP address location.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Avoid Recruiting via Social Media \u2013 (especially if you are financially compensating participants)<sup>10<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scammers search for terms such as \u201cpaid\u201d and \u201cresearch\u201d on social media. <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\">Based on our data, we believe <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\">scammers found our <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\">survey\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\">within an hour<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\"> after <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW196657099 BCX0\">posting<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW196657099 BCX0\"> on Facebook.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Multi-Step Screening Procedures<sup>11<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Screening procedures prior to sending potential participants survey links can reduce the likelihood of bots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Check if your IRB has Recommendations for Preventing Bots\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Due to the increasing number of bot attacks, many IRBs are developing recommendations for their researchers. For example, Ball State University\u2019s IRB recommendations can be viewed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bsu.edu\/-\/media\/www\/departmentalcontent\/research-integrity\/pdfs\/irb\/ai-bots-guidance-2025.pdf?sc_lang=en&amp;hash=59FA71D5D08200972ABAC25E23F30E0110BD6903\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is no perfect way to prevent a bot\/scammer attack, so it is best to use multiple strategies. In addition, prevention methods are quickly changing along with technological advances and more sophisticated scamming techniques. Our IRB best described it as a \u201ccat-and-mouse\u201d game between researchers and scammers. Below you will see a list of common [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":117,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Prevent Attacks - Bot Prevention<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/people.bsu.edu\/botprevention\/how-to-prevent-attacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Prevent Attacks - Bot Prevention\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There is no perfect way to prevent a bot\/scammer attack, so it is best to use multiple strategies. In addition, prevention methods are quickly changing along with technological advances and more sophisticated scamming techniques. Our IRB best described it as a \u201ccat-and-mouse\u201d game between researchers and scammers. 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In addition, prevention methods are quickly changing along with technological advances and more sophisticated scamming techniques. Our IRB best described it as a \u201ccat-and-mouse\u201d game between researchers and scammers. 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